Western Classical And Classical Music - 1051 Words

A plethora of sweet melodies flowing together into one cohesive song, sharps and flats bouncing off one another like a child on a trampoline, and notes oozing so much legato you would assume the pianist transformed into a robot. What genre exudes those characteristics? Western classical music. Western classical music is broken down into six categories in order for it to be easily identifiable chronologically. The six categories are the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Baroque Age, the Classical Period, the Romantic Era, and the Twentieth Century. The earliest form of Western music originates from the Medieval time period of c.1150-c.1400, and the most recent time period is the music post from the Great War, which spans from 1920c.- Present. It was during the Baroque Age, the Classical Period, the Romantic Era, and the Twentieth Century that many of the famous composers, whose songs are still recognized today composed pieces. The mark these impeccable composers left on the world of m usic will forever be recognized, which is one of the reasons I applaud classical music. I am impressed by Western classical music because of its depth, clarity, and variety. First, Western classical music has an immense amount of depth. A pianist and composer from the Classical Period such as, Wolfgang Mozart is particularly famous for adding layers upon layers of melodies within his pieces. One of Mozart’s most successful pieces, the piano sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor Quasi una fantasia, Op.Show MoreRelatedClassical Music And Its Influence On The Culture Of Western Music1603 Words   |  7 PagesPoetic Dissonance Classical music is earnest music engendered in the traditions of Western music. Many great composers were born in that era kenned as the mundane practice period. For my classical project I went to the Music Center’s Walt Disney concert hall. It has had many famous classical performances over the past few years. I witnessed something unique and enlightening when I entered the orchestra performance and heedfully aurally perceived all of this solemn music. I discerned many famousRead MoreUnderstanding How Wagner Fits Into Our History Of Western Classical Music1498 Words   |  6 PagesWagner’s is difficult given that the music lies on the edge of what was common practice in the 19th century. The music does not easily organise itself into the neat forms that we recognise from the classical and baroque time periods, but instead goes beyond the confines of form and tonality that today’s listeners are not familiar with. This gives the music some unique qualities such as being unpredictable, unending, and for some, brings less attention to the music and more attention to the drama thatRead MoreSimilarities Between Music And Classical Music921 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the Classical Era. Classical music originated in Ancient Egypt but as time went by in became less popular. Then around the late 1700`s it became very popular in areas of the world like Europe, Italy, Austria, Germany. The period from 1750 to 1810 was known as the Viennese Classic. Classical music is kind of western music with a twist. At this point in time art literature was very popular, so when people first heard of classical music they were very interested in it. Classical music is veryRead MoreThe Classical Music : The Hindustani And The Carnatic1057 Words   |  5 PagesHindustani Classical Music is a form of Hindu classical music that is believed to have originated before the 13th century (CFCRAT). Before the 13th century, the Hindu Culture had not split their music into types. But their culture soon pushed to two types of classical music after the 13th century. This was because of the Islamic takeover of northern portions of the subcontinent that introduced Arab and Persian music (Nettl). The two types of classical Indian music that were created were the HindustaniRead MoreEssay on Western Music1354 Words   |  6 PagesWestern Music dates back from 1200 BC. We can divide each major element of Western Music into periods. Some of the major periods of Western Music consist of Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modern Music. Each period contributed key elements that have influenced the formation of music. These key periods helped form the musical geniuses;Bach, Beethoven,Mozart,Verdi, and Copland. The Baroque period lasted from 1600-1750. The two best known Baroque composers are Johann Sebastian Bach and GeorgeRead MoreChinese Music And Its Effect On Society1622 Words   |  7 Pages Chinese Music has been around for thousands of years. Their music is created to entertain the high royals in china as well the people. According to the China Highlights, the traditional music was so important because it was the ideal society to help conduct and govern them. It was also used for not for entertainment, but for musicians to accomplish a political and social goal. For more than centuries, learning how to play an instrument was taught at a very young age. Growing up, they would goRead MoreThe Classical Period Of Music864 Words   |  4 PagesThe Classical period of music has also been called the â€Å"Rococo† period. The Classical time period was between the 18th and 19th centuries. Spanning the years of 1750-1820. The transition from the Baroque period to the Classical took the music from polyphonic to homophonic where even though it seems like that would make the music less complex we look at a whole different type of complexity. The music typically contained two different melodies and a contrast in sections. This made the chords in theRead MoreMy Point Of View 20th Century1110 Words   |  5 Pagesworst time to represent the western culture. But it’s the best for the most part. Western culture refers to the culture of any country that is a part of the western world. The western country is always democratic has neo-liberal capitalist economy. Has a separation of church and state, and high livings standards with materialistic society? The USA, UK, France are examples of western countries. Western culture is also a music type and lifestyle that come from the western countries. Best it boostedRead MoreEssay on Comparison Between Pop Music and Classical Music773 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Music versus Pop Music Classical music and popular music are both genres of music that have been in existence for a long time and listened to by the entire populace. Classical music is more complex and appeals to the older population while pop music appeals to the younger population. There are benefits associated with classical music and it is of general opinion that it requires more attention to details than pop music because of its complexity. It is a known fact that musicRead MoreThe Van Beethoven s Musical Style And Innovations1263 Words   |  6 PagesLuwig Van Beethoven Ludwig Van Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany and spent his musical career in Vienna. Beethoven is â€Å"widely considered to be one of the pre-eminent classical music figures of the Western world† (Beethoven 5). Beethoven was taught music by his father, but by the age of nine he had already outstripped his father’s musical knowledge and was taken under the wing of Gottlob Neefe. Neefe â€Å"schooled Beethoven in both piano playing and basic composition, introducing him to the works of

The World of Addiction Essay - 1755 Words

â€Å"Addiction is a brain disease expressed in the form of compulsive behavior,† says by Alan Leshner in his article, â€Å"Addiction Is a Brain Disease† featured in the book Drug Abuse: Opposing Viewpoints. Addiction has a variety of meanings depending on what your viewpoint of addiction. According to dictionary.com, the concrete definition of the word addiction is, â€Å"the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming, as narcotics, to such an extent that its cessation causes severe trauma.† Basically various doctors and therapist consider addiction to be a genetic disorder. â€Å"Provocative, controversial, unquestionably incomplete, the dopamine hypothesis provides a basic framework†¦show more content†¦They include alcoholism, substance/drug (including prescription drugs) addiction, nicotine addiction, and sex addiction, food addiction, shopping addiction, gambling addiction, work addiction and even internet addiction. They are manifold varieties of addiction; these are just a few of the well-known types of addiction. One of the more common addictions that were mentioned is substance or drug addiction. In the medical dictionary substance abuse means, â€Å"Excessive use of a potentially addictive substance, especially one that may modify body functions, such as drugs.† The effects of substance abuse can show a discrepancy between physical and psychological effects. Essentially every drug has dissimilar physical effects on the body; they all have an effect on the brain initially in a similar manner. The physical effects of substance abuse includes; respiratory issues, cardiac issues, and even gastrointestinal issues. With these issues, they can get severe enough to lead up to further severe issues such as lung cancer, heart attacks, and kidney or liver damage, which can ultimately lead to death. The psychological effects of this addiction can be just as harmful. The psychological effects included; hypothermia, paranoia, anxiety, violent behavior, hallucinations, depression, loss of interest , loss sense of reality, confusion, flashbacks, sense of distance, and catatonic syndrome (which affects the body’s centralShow MoreRelatedThe Powder World Of Cocaine Addiction1239 Words   |  5 Pageshave in regards to the powder world of cocaine addiction. Solving the crack it has put on society and the world (pun intended). If you don’t know what cocaine is , it is a highly addictive stimulant that is pleasurable but dangerous short term effects on the body, that eventually will cause a long term ramification. The problems referring towards cocaine abuse has an international effect, therefore cocaine is a problem that society can’t ignore. Today in our world cocaine or crack so to speak,Read MoreThe Effects Of Addiction On The World Today Essay2227 Words   |  9 Pagescontrolling monsters running rampant in the world today. This monster is known for destroying lives, families, and careers and even dragging the people caught in its grasps to their death. The United States had a president declare a war against it, police officers crack down on laws and arrests to fight it, and yet it still seems like a losing battle. This monster does not care about race, religion, sex, socioeconomic status, or even age. The cold hands of addiction can find their grip on anyone if theRead MoreThe Effects Of Addiction On The World Of Warcraft2441 Words   |  10 PagesDavid Dinh Megan Ozima English 101 2 June 2016 Negative Effects of Addictions What is the cause of addiction(s)? An addiction is cause by a person’s psychological habit that got developed into the person’s mental and physical condition, in which a person is unable to take control. The reason why people develop an addiction is because they have psychological, emotional, and interpersonal problem that they don’t want to deal with, so they find alternative ways to avoid the problems. Some people turnRead MoreAddiction : A Familiar Term For Most Of The World1603 Words   |  7 PagesBehavior Dr. Kelly Bordner April 26, 2015 Addiction Addiction is a familiar term for most of the world. By its simplest definition, addiction is habitual drug use that causes negative effects on the user’s health and social life despite efforts to stop using (Pinel, J.P. 2013). Drugs have been a part of human society for thousands of years. The quest to alter one’s consciousness is not a new one. Millions of people worldwide suffer from various forms of drug addiction. Yet for such a common affliction,Read MoreInternet Addiction : The World Of Education, Communication, And Business1703 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Addiction Addiction, defined by Webster dictionary as â€Å"a strong and harmful need to regularly have something (such as a drug) or do something (such as gamble)†. Everyone has one, we’re all guilty of being addicted. Certainly, as this world changes and evolves, we as people change and evolve with it. We invent, create, and mold materials to change this world for the better. Though sometimes, we can often become dependent on our own inventions to a point that it becomes unhealthy, afflictingRead MorePathological Gambling And Alcohol Addiction World Wide1370 Words   |  6 Pages2000), though, based on its criteria similar to substance dependence, some researchers preferred to consider it a behavioural addiction (Blanco et al., 2001; Potenza et al., 2002). Goudriaan et al. (2006) provide a similar argument, stating that pathological gambling and alcohol dependence share common EF deficits, and it has since been amended to be a behavioural addiction the in the DSM-V (APA, 2013 ). The divisive topic of screening and diagnosis could have serious consequences on the quality ofRead MoreDrug Addiction : A Common Problem Within Our World Today2567 Words   |  11 PagesDrug addiction is a very common problem within our world today. There are many factors that can lead up to drug addiction. Things like the environment that people live in, their peers, genetics could be a factor, and mental illness. One side is that drug addiction could be a disease or it could be that people believe that it s a choice. With it being a choice means that people have to make the decision of what to do before they decide to take drugs or not. Arguing that this could be a disease isRead MoreEssay on Internet addiction1725 Words   |  7 PagesInternet and Video Game Addiction Internet addiction is a worldwide disorder that is oblivious to the technological age we live in. Since its inception in 1991 (Livingstone), the World Wide Web has only improved our quality of life. People don’t perceive online technology as a problem but as a solution to make our lives cheaper and efficient. As a working college student, my whole life is run on the internet. I use Facebook religiously to keep in-touch with my friends, I play Xbox Live to competeRead MoreThe Problem Of Online Gaming Addiction1080 Words   |  5 Pages(MMORPG), World of Warcraft. Surprisingly, Van Cleave’s situation is not unusual, nor is it uncommon to hear of or know somebody with a substance addiction. Online gaming addiction is very real. Gaming, just as drugs, can start out as a harmless recreational activity and can develop into an addiction that can be indistinguishable between the two. However, many players argue that gaming addiction is not problematic. Online gaming addiction can be just as damaging as substance addiction; although,Read MoreCauses Of Internet Addiction970 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ Shyness or Social Anxiety People who are very shy and find it difficult to interact with others may develop an Internet addiction because meeting people online seems less intimidating than face-to-face communication. The desire for human connection is extremely powerful, even among people suffering from social anxiety. Visiting forums and chat rooms gives them a way to develop relationships without directly facing their fears and insecurity of being judged. They can carefully control how they are

Role of ethics free essay sample

The role of ethics in our society is very necessary because it has a large influence on today as well as the future. Ethics plays a variety of different roles in people’s lives. They vary from the person, culture, and way of life the person leads. Ethics is a requirement in human life, because it helps us decide our course of action. No matter the gender, culture, or person, having good morals and living an ethical life should be the most important thing to acquire in a lifetime. I believe that ethics can help you live a better life.From birth my parents have taught me what they think is the difference between good and bad, and what is right and wrong based on what their parents taught them. Their way of thinking, influenced me and helped me to continue on the right path. It is only natural that when I have my own children that I will pass down and teach them what I know to behave ethically as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ethical parameters determine my actions and thoughts. I am able to feel when I am doing something right and when something is morally wrong. The number one way of setting my parameters is by using what I have been taught by my parents to determine if I should allow what other people think to determine the way I react to a situation. If I feel that it is wrong to do something someone tells me to do, I will not do it. I am happy with the way I live my life because I am satisfied that I am doing things ethically based on what I truly believe is morally right.

Two Halves of the Same Song free essay sample

Two Halves of the Same Song My mother believed you could be anything you wanted to be in America (526). This Is the first sentence In Two Kinds by Amy Tan spoken by the narrators point of view, Jinn-met, the daughter. The story was a direct reflection of love vs.. Rebellion with the mother and the daughter, presented In a humorous almost sounding sarcastic tone to show the two kinds of people In the story; the one the mother thought the daughter should be and the one the daughter thought she should be, and in the end they realized that that was the same person.The story begins by giving humor to some of the mothers beliefs as if they were silly; such as in America a person is unlimited to what they could be even if that is to be famous or simply a homeowner, To understand what the mother meant you would have to know a little about her background and where she came from. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Halves of the Same Song or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She was from China where women didnt have very many options on what their role in life could be, so for her daughter she felt that there were endless possibilities. Her mother In my eyes was more of what we like to call stage moms.She hoped for her daughter to be he best at something, anything instead of nothing at all, so she came across pushy verses loving. One would think that these were the mothers dreams trying to be fulfilled through the daughter. Jinn-Mel started to feel Like she had to be someone she wasnt in order to make her mother proud. She said l was filled with a sense that I would soon be perfect. My mother and father would adore me (527). Apparently she felt like if she wasnt great at something they wouldnt love her.The narrator makes it seem like it was the mother all along who wanted the daughter to be meeting she wasnt, but at one point the daughter wanted to succeed Just as much as much as her mother did, but the fear of failure and rejection stopped her. Next came the piano lessons. The idea of Jinn-me playing the piano was odd, because her mother was watching an American TV show and saw a young Chinese girl playing. IN-Sank her mother would say which meant, you watch, and then made her practice the Plano day after day to become better than the Chinese girl on TV. After this point the daughter rebels against the mother trying to fall to prove that this is who she was, ordinary. If she didnt try at anything she couldnt fail. The daughter didnt realize how proud her mother was of her just for trying. In the earlier days when you were born you were born into a certain class, and that class defined who you could become In life whether it be a king, farmer, merchant, or a blacksmith. In this story the situation seems very similar. Why would Jinn-me want to be famous or talented when her mother was merely a house cleaner?Maybe she was content with the life she was born into and didnt feel as if she needed to be talented to be happy. Her mother put her in a recital bragging to her friends how Jinn-me Ovid to play the piano. This was her opportunity to show her mother who she was and It wasnt the person she wanted her to be, so Jinn-Mel went up and played horribly. However, through all of the disobedience trying to stay true to who she was, which seemed to be a slacker, the mother still pushed her to try and not give up.Years later proud of her. She only pushed her because she wanted her to be the best at who she wanted to be and let her know that Just because you are born into a certain lifestyle that doesnt define who you are, you define who you are. The tone of the story begins o sound happy verses the angry, sarcastic, and once comical tone making fun of the mother. Jinn-me actually starts to get the point her mother tried so hard to install in her. One of the last sentences of the story caught my eye. It seemed to sum up everything in the story and why the conflicts of interests occurred. And after I played them both a few times, I realized they were two halves of the same song(534). Two halves of the same song could have been the title for Any Tans short story. The mother and the daughter both wanted the same things: for the daughter to be pappy, and be the best at what made her happy but looking at it from only one way you would not have figured that out.In this story it was told solely from the daughters point of view. If the mother were to narrate this story it would have been completely different. Maybe she would have not seemed as so unhappy with her life that she had to live it through her daughters, but the daughter would have seemed as someone who didnt care for there mothers affection and Just wanted to be disobedient. There is always two sides to a story but in this case they seemed to be arguing the same story.

Good Man Is Hard to Find free essay sample

According to Shakespere, All the worlds a stage, And all the men and women merely players. Some people, in their daily lives, do more intentional acting, or decieveing, than others. The terms Friday Muslim or Sunday Christian have been coined to describe people who appear to be devout to their religion when they attend their weekly religious gathering, but otherwise do not display any moral connections to it. These people put more importance on appearing as a good and richous person rather than actually thinkning, speaking, and acting according to the religious documents they claim to follow. Living this sort of life proved to be fatal for the Grandmother in Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find. The Grandmothers religious hypocracy caused her to corrupt the thoughts of her grandchildren, manipulate events onto a negative path, and ultimately cause the death of her and her family. We will write a custom essay sample on Good Man Is Hard to Find or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Studies done by the National Child Study indicate that childrens views are larely shaped by caregiver/child interactions throught childhood(Measuring). John Wesley and June Stars mother and father seem to be very passive and quiet with thier views. In comparison, the Grandmother is outspoken, opinionated, and presents herself as a religiously knowledgable, and there for trustworthy, person. The children seem to have picked up on her racist views as their normally argumentitive resopnses are absent when she makes condesending comments about an ovbiously poor Negro child standing in the door of a shack(Oconnor) they pass on their trip. The impression of the grandmothers views into the children is also aparent when, rather than being appalled at her racist story about a suitor bringing her watermelon, this story tickled John Wesleys funny bone and he giggled and giggled(Oconnor). Also, June Star shows signs of the same materialistic shelfishness of the Grandmother when she states that she wouldnt marry a man that just brought her a watermelon on Saturday(Oconnor). The grandmother replies that she wishes she would have married him because he had died only a few years ago, a very wealthy man (Oconnor), as if wealth is the most important factor in deciding whom to marry. Nearly everytime the chirdren speak their comments reak of the condescending, corrupt influence of their grandmother. Had the Grandmother put more emphasis on actually practicing Christian values than just appearing to be a godly person she would not have had the relaxed attitutte towards lying which led her to her death. Fearing her cat ,Pitty Sing , might brush against one of her gas burners and accidentally asphyxiate himself(Oconnor), she sneaks the cat into the car. She knows that her son Bailey has good reason for not wanting the cat to accompany them on the trip and would not allow it, but this does not stop her. The Grandmother later tells a story to the children about a plantation she used to visit when she was younger. She believes he house to be a little way down a dirt road they passed on the highway. She begins to have a burning, almost childish, desire to revisit this landmark and so lies to the children. Knowing it will manipulate the children into helping her persuade their parents to visit the house, she tells them there was a secret:-panel in this house(Oconnor) which all the family silver was hidden in(Oconnor). As expected, the children begin whining untill their father, Bailey, agrees to make a one and only time(Oconnor) exception to the trip itenerary and visit the plantation. The Grandmothers deception leads to Bailey wrecking the car. The cat becomes statled leaps onto his neck, causing him to jerk the wheel in firght and lead the car into a ditch. Due to the Grandmothers lack of morals, the family is left helpless and injured on the side of a near abandoned road. As exzibited in devout priests, nuns, and missionaries, selflessness is highly valued in Christianity. The Grandmother would like for people to think of her as a selfless christian role model, but her actions prove her to be quite the opposite. Before the family sets out on the trip she attempts to manupulate them into going to Tennessee instead of Florida. She actually wants to go visit some old friends in her former home state, but she attempts to scare the family into changing their destionation. Had she not been so selfish, she would not have so clearly noted and remembered that The Misfit is aloose from the Federal Pen and headed toward Florida(Oconnor), and therefor would not have clearly recognized him when he stops to help the family later in the story. The Misfit made the decision to kill the family in order to cover his tracks only after the grandmother verbalized that she identified him. Her selfish attitude kept her from realizing that it was likely not in her families best interest to blurt out this realizatioin. It clearly shows that even in the most dire of situatioins no one elses well being was even close to the forfront of her toughts. The Gandmothers pattern of selfishness is not cohearent with her claimed Christian ties, and unwittingly led her and her family to be massacred. The politition who claims everyone should be green in order to save the planet but continues to travel in a private jet, The religious leader who preaches meantal purity and is found to have a drug habit, or even the parent who tells their child do as I say, not as I do; hypocracy in all forms has its victims. OConnor was known to be a devout Roman Cathloic and likely resented people who, like the Grandmother in this story, were good at pretending to be religious but had no actual commitment. Unfortuantly for the Grandmother her first selfless act came to late.

How to Do the Color Change Chameleon Chemistry Demonstration

How to Do the Color Change Chameleon Chemistry Demonstration The chemical chameleon is a wonderful color-change chemistry demonstration that may be used to illustrate redox reactions. The color change runs from purple to blue to green to orange-yellow and finally to clear. Color Change Chameleon Materials For this demonstration, you start by preparing two separate solutions: Solution A 2 mg potassium permanganate500 ml distilled water Dissolve a small amount of potassium permanganate into water. The amount isnt critical, but dont use too much or else the solution will be too deeply colored to see the color changes. Use distilled water rather than tap water to avoid problems caused by salts in tap water that affect water pH and can interfere with the reaction. The solution should be a deep purple color. Solution B 6 g sugar (sucrose)10 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH)750 ml distilled water Dissolve the sugar and sodium hydroxide in the water. The reaction between sodium hydroxide and water is exothermic, so expect some heat to be produced. This will be a clear solution. Make the Chameleon Change Colors When youre ready to start the demonstration, all you need to do is mix the two solutions together. Youll get the most dramatic effect if you swirl the mixture together to thoroughly combine the reactants. Upon mixing, the purple of the potassium permanganate solution immediately changes to blue. It changes to green fairly quickly, but it takes a few minutes for the next color change to pale orange-yellow, as manganese dioxide (MnO2) precipitates. If you let the solution sit long enough, the manganese dioxide will sink to the bottom of the flask, leaving you with a clear liquid. Chemical Chameleon Redox Reaction The color changes are the result oxidation and reduction or a redox reaction. The potassium permanganate is reduced (gains electrons), while the sugar is oxidized (loses electrons). This occurs in two steps. First, the permanangate ion (purple in solution) is reduced to form the manganate ion (green in solution): MnO4- e- → MnO42- As the reaction is proceeding, both the purple permanganate and green manganate are present, blending together to produce a solution that appears blue. Eventually, there is more green manganate, yielding a green solution. Next, the green manganate ion is further reduced and forms manganese dioxide: MnO42- 2 H2O 2 e- → MnO2 4 OH- Manganese dioxide is golden brown solid, but the particles are so small they make the solution appear to change color. Eventually, the particles will settle out of solution, leaving it clear. The chameleon demonstration is just one of many possible color change chemistry experiments you can perform. If you dont have the materials on hand for this particular demonstration, consider trying a different one. Safety Information Sucrose and distilled water are safe and non-toxic. However, appropriate safety gear (lab coat, safety goggles, gloves) should be worn when preparing the solutions and performing the demonstration. Sodium hydroxide and potassium permanganate can cause irritation and chemical burns in contact with skin or mucous membranes. The chemical solutions must be labelled and kept away from children and pets to avoid accidental ingestion. Potassium permanganate is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. In some places, pouring a small quantity of a solution down the drain is allowed. The reader is advised to consult federal, state, and local regulations for proper disposal. Fast Facts: Chemical Chameleon Science Experiment Materials Potassium permanganateSucrose (table sugar)Sodium hydroxideDistilled Water Concepts Illustrated This demonstration is a good example of an exothermic reaction. The color change is produced via a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction. Time Required The two chemical solutions may be prepared in advance, so this demonstration is instantaneous. Level The demonstration is suitable for all age groups. High school and college chemistry students studying redox reactions will get the most out of the experiment, but it can be used to stimulate interest in chemistry and science at any age. The demonstration may be performed by any high school or college chemistry teacher. Because there are safety protocols for using potassium permanganate and sodium hydroxide, this demonstration is not suitable for unsupervised children.

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Supply chain management - Essay Example One of the major issues that businesses face while switching to the ‘e’ channels is the fact that they can convert themselves to the same in isolation; however, the supply chain network does not allow isolated implementations to be a success (Ginkel, 1998, p. 313). For higher chances of a success i.e. to reduce the risk of failure, a business should move towards ‘e’ or any other channel in collaboration with its network of stakeholders, in particular its supply chain (Houlihan, 1985, p. 17). Traditional Supply Chain Mechanisms Traditionally, prior to the era of 80s, supply chain management was assumed as a part of the business, and restricted to the supplies of inventory or raw material, depending on the nature of the business under consideration. The era of 80s and 90s has brought about changes in the way supply chain looks today (JOHNSON and WHANG, 2002, p. 411). Serving as the era of transitional changes, the big names of the business industry such as Uni lever and P&G realized that streamlining the supply chain can prove out to be a highly cost effective solution for running their business. Thereon, the phase initiated in business history, where supply chain networks gain importance (Wisner and Tan, 2000, p. 35). As the era of mid and late 90s saw the rising need of supply chain integration and businesses moving towards the ‘e’ channels, the early years of 2000s saw the application of ‘e’ channels across the supply chain network, keeping it tightly integrated from the rise of the raw material to the selling of the final commodity in the retail stores (Vickery et al., 1999, p. 18). Impact of e-business and e-commerce towards supply chain The add-on of the ‘e’ variable in business cycle has had a significant impact on how businesses have been conducted (Audy et al., n.d., p. 111). However, prior to moving forward with the discussion, it is critical to define the difference between e-commerce and e-business. Despite the fact that the terms tend to be used interchangeably today, e-commerce is about conducting a transaction which could either be B2B or B2C, or even C2C. On the contrary, e-business is about the application of the technology to enhance or improve a process or even replace it on the whole (Carter et al., 2000, p. 17). Adding up ‘e’ towards the business and commerce activities pulls the supply chain towards the core business processes for ensuring the network is integrated in a manner that does not allow any loophole, as that can turn out to be fatal for the business (Gurnani et al., 2011, p. 301). Classical example of how ‘e’ factor on the business and commerce can tightly couple the supply chain requirements is shown in the case of Dell. Dell, long back, has implemented e-business and e-commerce to their business; e-processes in terms of build-your-own-pc and e-commerce in terms of online purchases (Harland, 1996, p. S64). Such an appli cation requires extensive cooperation from the supply chain; the process of supply chain remains transparent to the customer. As a customer assembles their computer on the website, at the back-end, the support team needs to ensure that the required components are readily available or

CJUS 410 DB1 Replies DB3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CJUS 410 DB1 Replies DB3 - Essay Example However, he had no chance to make any comment on the allegations against him considering he was the victim of the day. Without any testimonies from witness, passing of judgment took place whereby unanimously majority agreed his actions qualified him to die through crucifying. Just like in Jesus’ case, the woman did not have a chance to explain herself despite holding onto solid proof regarding the former husband trailing her, hence prompting the victim fear her life but little in ensuring safety took place. Non-testimonial evidence, apart from playing an important and dramatic role especially in advocate cases, I think it also quite a probative when it comes to the value of evidence. The only issues that makes non-testimonial evidence complex is because it requires more than probative value to convince the jury that the case is worth pursuing (â€Å"NLRG†). It is because of this reason I believe the woman in question people failed to take him seriously even after providing photographs and texts stating that her former husband was still on her trail. NLRG. Persuasion at Trial: Nontestimonial Evidence. 2014. Web. 21 April 2014.

Neocolonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Neocolonialism - Essay Example As a result, some guidance needs to be provided to the weaker nations in order for them to ultimately gain economic independence as well as political independence. One of the theories involving neocolonialsim is called the Dependency Theory. This theory discusses the relationship between less economically developed countries (LEDC's) and more economically developed countries (MEDC's). The theory maintains that the LEDC's are in the underdeveloped situation that they are in because they rely too heavily on the MEDC's. The LEDC's will remain LEDC's because any surplus production will be absorbed by the MEDC's multinational corporations leaving no profit for the LEDC's. Yet, the MEDC's are also dependent (Dependency Theory, 2003). Without the LEDC's, they would not be able to prosper to the level that they do economically. This neocolonialism is the source of multiple frustrations for several smaller nations. One example of this opposition comes from the Pacific Islands Association of Non-Government Organizations (PIANGO). They cite the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples which declares that indigenous peoples (who are usually members of these LEDCs) have the "right to self-determination and political independence (Blaisdell, 1998). ... They are the continued victims of US economic dependence and exploitation which keeps these countries at Third World status (Blaisdell, 1998) Similar tensions surround Jamaica, Brazil and Southeast China, to name a few. Although the MEDC's pat themselves on the back for bringing industry and paying jobs to poverty-stricken areas, the damage to the country and to the people themselves has been compared to the physical cruelties of Cortez as he ravaged Mexico for gold in the 16th century. The difference is that this type of attack is not condemned like physical, military invasions by world nations and leaders. In fact, it is often allowed by the LEDC's government, ignored by journalists and kept from the broader public. (Ayres, 2004). Indeed, the companies do hire uneducated indigenous people to work these sometimes dangerous jobs; they cannot quit because they are dependent on the income. Some companies have even been accused of paying bribes to some village leaders to publicly support the industry in spite of possible problems with the health or environment as a result (Koenig, 2004). Koenig, in World Watch, details an example in Romania. Heap-leach gold mining is a modern form of mining which makes use of literally millions of gallons of cyanide poured onto piles of ore. The cyanide helps to extract the gold. In Romania, at an Australian-owned min, a dam broke and polluted the Tisza River with 22 million gallons of the toxic substance. It has been six years since what environmentalists are calling the worst catastrophe since Chernobyl, but this mining process is still on the rise (Koenig, 2004). Of course, many international researchers place the

Success Of Tobacco And Slavery In The 1600s History Essay

Success Of Tobacco And Slavery In The 1600s History Essay Back in the 1600s, there was a town called Jamestown in what is now the State of Virginia. It had many hardships. At first, no women came over, only the men and their sons. As time progressed, the people who knew how to build homes and shelter fared much better than the ones whom did not. At one point, winter had come and most of the population of Jamestown was not prepared for the cold and they had inadequate food supplies. There were many shocking stories arising out the genuine shortage of food and the resulting starvation, with reports of people killing others to eat them. It was not until the local growing of tobacco did the town turnaround from its downward spiral, but this discovery also marked the beginning of slavery. According to Captain John Smith, none of the native crops were planted at first, not even tobacco.  [1]  The reason for this was that the settlers attention was on anything they could grow for food. The two highest priorities for the settlers were food, as well shelters to live in to protect themselves from the elements. Shelters proved to be extremely important and essential for survival, especially during the cold months. As time moved on, the settlers did interact with the Native Indians and found them using tobacco, but under the name of uppowoc or apooke.  [2]  Most likely, the settlers bought or traded for some tobacco during that time. It was not until 1612 did tobacco cultivation began among the English settlers, even in small patches.  [3]  However, two years before, John Rolfe found that tobacco could be obtained only by buying it from the Indians, or by cultivating it.  [4]   From this mindset, it could be guessed that Rolfe tried to grow a small patch for himself and cut his reliance from the Indians. Rolfe was also trying to find a way to make some money, and find a local product that could be sold overseas in England that would be profitable. Nevertheless, adding one and one together, John Rolfe became one of the first colonists to grow tobacco. Rolfe had become accustomed to the fragrant aroma and taste of the imported Spanish tobacco,  [5]  and so had the people in England. Spanish tobacco became the standard or the bar to which other tobacco was compared. A native tobacco plant of North America was the nicotiana rustica. It was found to be substandard when compared to the tobacco grown in the Spanish Colonies. In 1611, Rolfe decided to experiment with seed of the mild Spanish variety.  [6]  This batch, as they called it, was Rolfes first experimental crop. When it arrived in England, it was stated that its quality was great, but the Spanish grown tobacco was still better. Rolfe came out and said, no doubt but after a little more triall and expense in the curing thereof, it will compare with the best in the West Indies.  [7]  Ã‚  Rolfe was trying very hard to get the tobacco grown in the west to be a desired product in England and Europe. By 1617, Rolfes experiment turned out to be a success, as his business was thriving. He had shipped 20,000 pounds of tobacco was exported from Virginia.  [8]  Tobacco in England was nothing new, the people had e already grown accustomed to it and it was something that only the rich or people who had some extra money could afford. Tobacco grew extremely well in Virginia, as the climate was perfect for cultivation. Virginian Tobacco also had a greater advantage Over All Other Staples in That It Could Be Produced in Larger Quantities Per Acre.  [9]  Since in virginia there was plenty of land, they were able to export a gargantuan amount. The Virginia-grown tobacco had brought down the price of tobacco generally to a much more affordable price, that even more people in England started purchasing tobacco. Spanish tobacco was very expensive in England which almost made it extinct, but the rich still purchased it for special occasions. Since the Virginia-grown tobacco could be produced in such large quantities, there was plenty of supply for the demand. In 1616, Jamestown had been impacted by a fever and the following description indicates the impact of the fever: there were but five or six houses, the church downe, the palizados broken, the bridge in pieces, the well of fresh water spoiled; the storehouse used for the church, [and] the colony dispersed all about, planting tobacco.  [10]  The town was falling apart, they had only a few buildings left, the water supply was spoiled and the town in shambles. The settlers had nothing left, hardly a population, but when the colony dispersed to plant tobacco, it became the only activity to engage in. The settlers started growing in the streets and in the market place.  [11]  Whatever space they had to grow tobacco, they used it. By 1622, plantations extended at intervals from Point Comfort as far as 140 miles up the James River.  [12]  The colony was feverishly spreading out and planting they even stopped caring about hunting, as they gave the Indians firearms and employed them to do their hunting  [13]  This shows how focused the colonists were on tobacco. However, later in 1622, all the space they had for planting and cultivation was greatly reduced due to the Indian Massacre of 1622.  [14]  This event was when the Indians suddenly attacked the colonists and killed many of them. But still, the planters were able to produce 60,000 pounds of tobacco,  [15]  which had tripled from the amount produced back in 1617. So even with the massacre, the colonists were still able to produce a large amount of tobacco. Sometime after the massacre, the settlers started extending their territory to cultivate tobacco. The settlers took over the fields previously cleared by the Indians, which were among the best in the colony. This made it easy for planters, as they did not have to clear the ground beforehand. They did not have to spend time clearing the trees and waiting for the stumps to rot out, so this greatly accelerated the planting process. With the expansion of the settlers into more land, a head-right system was developed which gave fifty acres of land to any person who brought a settler to the colony.  [16]  This meant that people who were already in the colony were strongly encouraged to bring over more people from England to be settlers in the area. The people brought over were known as indentured servants. In 1619, A Dutch slave trader exchanged his cargo of Africans for food in 1619. The Africans became indentured servants  [17]  as well, whose status and work were very similar to the indentured servants whom were brought over from England. People in England were offered a paid voyage to the colony, but they had to work on the land for a certain period until they had paid their dues. This was the start of slavery, as time progressed. The colony started importing more Blacks. In 1624, The Dutch, who had entered the slave trade in 1621 with the formation of the Dutch West Indies Co., imported Blacks to ser ve on Hudson Valley farms.  [18]   At first, there was no slavery at all, The first general planting in the colony began at West and Shirley Hundreds where twenty-five men, commanded by a Captain Madison, were employed solely in planting and curing tobacco.  [19]  The first planting in the colony was done for pay, as they were employed. The head-right system was in place so that people would come over from England. It mostly lured poor or landless people. Shortly after the indentured servants came from England, they complained that their work was endless and very hard. Many of them did not feel comfortable and loathed about the lower average death rate. They were also not treated properly by the landowners who had brought them over. Since none of the settlers wanted to do any hard work, the slave trade thrived to be working in full force, as one could buy a slave or trade food for one, for a relatively cheap price. Slave work was so badly needed for tobacco cultivation that African Slavery was legalized in Virginia and Maryland, becoming the foundation of the Southern agrarian economy.  [20]  It was now legal and normal for settlers to buy a slave, which made slavery and the demand of slaves even higher. African American slaves grew slowly at first, by the 1680s they had become essential to the economy of Virginia.  [21]  The economy relied heavily upon slave labor for its financial success. Planting tobacco was not a hard task, but it was a very time-consuming task and with the many and many acres of land that the landowners had owned, they needed a workforce to take care of all the land. For to sow it, you must make a hole in the earth with your finger and that as deep as your finger is long, then you must cast into the same hole ten or twelve seeds.  [22]  You also had to keep it watered if it had been a dry season. You also had to manage and keep working with the tobacco as it was hoed for the first time about eight to ten days after planting.  [23]  This is exactly what slaves did. The slave industry was big, as between 13,000 and 20,000 slaves were brought into Virginia and Maryland between 1619 and 1697  [24]  The slaves were African people, which had been picked up by British merchants with large vessels, who had either brought slaves from Africa or were reshipped from the West Indies.  [25]  The slave industry has become the trading commodity. West Indian and Portuguese companies also shipped slaves. The Portuguese were primarily sending slaves to the Spanish Colonies. Almost all of the companies or merchants were receiving the majority of their slaves from the People from the Bight of Biafra (present day eastern Nigeria or adjacent Cameroon).  [26]   When ships came to Jamestown or Chesapeake, slaves were put on display and slave buyers came and bought them. Slave buyers were forced to buy them, as it was cheaper to boost their African labor force rather than hiring people who already were in the colony. African people of many countries were mixed with other African people from different parts of the African continent due to the slave merchants going to different parts of Africa to bring back Black Africans as slaves. This caused isolation between the slaves, as they could not understand one another. It was dubbed the Babel of Languages.  [27]   There were also many indentured servants from the head right system who were mixed in with the African slaves. They lived, worked, socialized and ran away together. In 1663, settlers passed a law saying, that all imported blacks are to be given the statues of slaves.  [28]  If a white person marries a black slave, they are to be slaves during the time they live together. A law in 1681 made it so that children born from a white servant women and blacks are regarded as free. By the 1700s, there were many reports of slave revolts. In 1712, New York slaves revolted and killed nine white people. The consequences of this were that twenty one slaves were executed. Then, twenty three slaves rose up in revolt about mistreatment and killed nine whites before they were defeated. The captured slaves were all hanged or burnt. Since the Blacks were starting to rise up and revolting and talking about treatment, the State of Virginia assembly declared that no Negro, mulatto, or Indian shall presume to take upon him, act in or exercise any office, ecclesiastic, civil or military.  [29]  Blacks were also not allowed to serve as a witness in court and they were condemned to a lifelong servitude. In 1772, George Washington was a member of the House of Burgesses and he drafted a petition on the importation of slaves into the colonies from the coast of Africa. He labeled it a trade of great inhumanity. In 1773, some Massachusetts slaves petitioned for freedom, and by 1778, a law was passed in Virginia that no slave should be imported into that commonwealth by sea or by land.  [30]  Around this time, Blacks started to receive certain rights. There were some reports of Blacks suing for their freedom and winning. Slaves later on were commanded to do other work other than farming since the civilizations had advanced. In 1785, a letter written to George Washington and Thomas Johnsons stated that slaves would be used to build canals. Slaves were still being imported at this time. A British bill designed to restrict the number of slaves went into effect. It restricted the number of slaves based on the ships tonnage. By 1815, slave trading was declared a felony by Britain, punishab le by exile to a penal colony, also known as a jail. Portugal accepted a large sum of money to restrict slave trade to Brazil and Spain also received money to abandon trade to Caribbean. This was the end of slave trading, as we knew it back in 1619 with the early years of Jamestown. The settlers who had come to Jamestown were primarily from cities. They were not prepared for the primitive and harsh conditions in the Jamestown area. The population of Jamestown almost was wiped out one winter as food supplies ran out. It was not until the home growing of tobacco did Jamestown begin to thrive. It also led to the beginning of the use of slave labor and the slave trade. One of the first persons to successfully grow tobacco was John Rolfe. While in Jamestown, he perfected growing tobacco and sold it to England. His streamlined process resulted in much lower prices for the people in England, where tobacco became more affordable and more people began buying it. Many people in Jamestown started planting tobacco of their own and converting many acres of vacant land. This created a new problem. The larger the area of the tobacco farms, the more people it required to properly grow it.. Slavery started because of this. Land owners needed more workers to maintain their crops, so ship owners started the slave trade. The Dutch ship that came to Jamestown in 1619 traded food for some African people, which turned into the latter into indentured servants to the landowners. This was the start of the major slave trade, as the Dutch found it to be profitable. Other countries started slave trading as well. Shipping of Black Africans was treated as a commodity. Therefore, in the end tobacco was an extreme success which brought money and people to Jamestown, but it also was the start of slavery, one of the worst practices in the history of mankind.

Concord University Department of Education :: Colleges Education Teaching Essays

Concord University Department of Education Philosophy Statement Forest Witcraft once said, "One hundred years from now, it will not matter what my bank account was, the size of my house, or what kind of car I drove. But the world may be a little better, because I was important in the life of a child." Teachers are not just educators; they are parents, social workers, nurses, and even friends. I believe that a good teacher can play all of those roles and more at the same time, without wavering. Children are not only our future, but they are our present. Without children, there is no hope, no love, or no potential. If our children cannot look to us, educators, as role models, who will they look too? I feel that the only way to become a good role model is to be an effective teacher. By using an open mind and an open heart, I plan to touch the life of a child in a positive, educational manner. For if one life can be forever changed, so will mine. The definition of education is â€Å"the action or process of educating or of being educated, knowledge and development resulting from an educational process† (Webster Online Dictionary, 2004). We are not just talking about teaching, we are talking about effective teaching; Bringing a child from dark to light when it comes to learning. But how do we teach effectively? I believe motivation is the best key. If you cannot motivate your student’s to their best, then you’re not being an effective teacher. For this motive, teachers should make the learning process fun. If learning is fun and entertaining, students learn and don’t even realize it. Also, to be an effective teacher we must have high standards and high expectations. High standards and expectations make the students expand their minds and they are forced to excel in their work. But can you force students to excel? Yes, with the proper incentive. This then brings us back to motivation. As teacher, we should not strive to be good, but strive to be the best. For if we as instructors reach for the best, so will our students. Our attitudes are greatly reflected onto our children. I remember so many times having teachers who were just at school for the pay check and how it greatly showed in their work. I also remember teachers who were genuinely excited about teaching.

Why magnesium is used in Grignard reactions?

Grignard Reagents were discovered by Victor Grignard in 1900. They are classically formed by reacting magnesium turnings with alkyl halide in ether or THF solvents, to form solutions of alkylmagnesium halide. The atmosphere must be moisture –free and inert and magnesium must be of high purity.  Magnesium is usually covered with a coating of magnesium oxide, so an activation agent like Iodine or Dibromoethane is added. They can also be formed from by when an organolithium compound reacts with a magnesium halide In organic chemistry C-C bond is one of the most important bonds. To make these C-C bonds organometallics such as organolithiums, Grignard reagents and carbonyl compounds are used. Grignard reagents are our first source of carbanions (anions of carbon). The polarity of a covalent bond between two different elements is determined by electronegativity. The more electronegative an element is, the more it attracts the electron density in the bond. Hence, the greater the difference in electronegativity, the more polarized a bond becomes. In the extreme case of complete polarization, the covalent bond ceases to exit and is replaced by electrostatic attractions between ions of opposite charge. The reactivity of the carbonyl groups is due to the polarization of the carbon-oxygen bond toward the more electronegative oxygen. For e.g. – Polarity inside a Formaldehyde molecule Thus organometallic reagents act as nucleophiles towards the electrophilic carbonyl group. In organolithium compounds and Grignard reagents, the key bond is polarized in the opposite direction, towards the carbon – making carbon a nucleophilic centre. This is true for most organometallics because, metals like Li, Na, K, Mg, ca, Al, Cu, Zn etc. all have lower electronegativity than carbon. Also, the alkali metals (Li, Na, K etc.) and the alkaline earth metals (Mg and Ca, together with Zn) are good reducing agents, the former being stronger than the latter.   Hence, these can be used to make organometallic reagents with carbon. The alkyl magnesium halides are called Grignard Reagents after the French chemist, Victor Grignard, who discovered them. The other metals mentioned above react in a similar manner, but the Li & Mg are the most widely used. Feature Article Relative Rates:  Free-Radical Bromination These reactions are substitution reactions, but they cannot be classified as nucleophilic substitutions, as in the reactions above. Because the functional carbon atom has been reduced, the polarity of the resulting functional group is inverted (the original electrophilic carbon becomes nucleophilic). This change, shown below, makes alkyl lithium and Grignard reagents unique and useful reactants in synthesis. Reactions of organolithium and Grignard reagents reflect the nucleophilic character of the functional carbon in these compounds. The nucleophilic carbon of these reagents also bonds readily with electrophiles such as iodine and carbon dioxide (fifth equation). The polarity of the carbon-oxygen double bonds of CO2 makes the carbon atom electrophilic, shown by the formula in the shaded box, so the nucleophilic carbon of the Grignard reagent bonds to this site. Carbon has in consequence an unshared electron pair. Such a carbon would be a very strong base, much stronger than needed to take an H+ from water to generate the weaker base OH-. A practical consequence of this is that Grignard reagents must be kept dry, away from even the slightest traces of moisture, lest they be destroyed by reaction with water. Works Cited Clayden, greeves, Warden and Wothers, â€Å"Organic Chemistry†, Oxford University press,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2001, ISBN 0-19-850346-6 http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/haloalkanes/grignard.html

Alpha and Omega of Active Compasion essays

Alpha and Omega of Active Compasion essays Alpha and Omega of Active Compassion Have you ever walked down a crowded city street and looked down to see a homeless man stretching out his soiled hand in hopes of a measly dollar? As human beings, are we obligated to give this man our earning? And just how much do we give him? A dollar? Our VISA card? We have a general responsibility, as residents of civilization, to our fellow man, as long as it doesnt interfere with our own personal progress. The ideals of welfare, charity, and the generous foreign policies are all prime examples of our aid to others, but the world is still uncertain on, how much do we give?. The idea of welfare was founded in the United States around the time of the great depression. It was meant to temporarily help the financially less fortunate. This was intended to get the ball rolling for the economy. The government would play Robin Hood by taking from those who had money, and giving it to help those who didnt. In time, they would put their feet back on the ground and would no longer need the relief of their government. This was a very kind and productive way to help our fellow man in his time of need. Unfortunately somewhere along the line the idea of helping the broke modified, and we were simply giving them money when they had no intention on recovering from the debts of poverty. And so we continued to show everyone else how to get money for free. This is an excellent example on how we exceeded our obligation to others. Instead of a few dollars of generosity to uphold others, we give up to half of our earnings to support those who choose not to help the mselves. By doing this, we have slowed our individual progress in society. Charity is another form of helping the less fortunate persons on earth. That, unlike welfare, is to be executed at our own discretion. There is no forcing hand in charity, although sometimes we still do not know ...

Mary Stearts The Hollow Hills essays

Mary Stearts The Hollow Hills essays Critique of The Hollow Hills (306/501) In The Hollow Hills, the theme is that power can change its owner. Stewart uses many devices to make her point clear, including characterization, dialogue, and imagery. Stewart applied characterization to demonstrate how power changes people. Merlin thought that, Kingship had steadied [Uther]; I could see only discipline in his face, as well as lines drawn there by passion and temper, and kingship along with victories clothed him with a cloak (99). Uthers power defined him. He would not have been kingly if he had been born into a peasant family. Even Merlin confessed that Uthers new authority had altered him. However, Uther did retain certain attributes, such as his temper and passion. Power changed Ygraine, although not in a good way. Where before she had seemed young and burning, a wild bird beating her wings against the wires of the cage, she now seemed to brood, wings clipped, gravid, a creature of the ground (70). Power changed how Ygraine looked at life. She had more responsibilities, and a husband who demanded more than she could handle, including sending her only son away. Power changed how both Ygraine and Uther viewed existence. For Uth er, it was opportunity and success. However, for Ygraine it meant cages, and grief. Power even changed Merlin. Merlin had always taken his power for granted, but when he lost it he found himself an empty husk; blind and deaf as men are blind and deaf; the great power gone (27). Stewart used imagery to show that Merlins power had changed him, without it he was nothing. He felt empty, and he knew that. He was significantly different without his power. His sight had changed him permanently. While he had sometimes viewed his sight as a hindrance, he still stretched for the magic (28). Merlin needed magic because he knew nothing else, he had no other ...

Compare and Contrast the History of Coffee in Brazil, Colombia, and Essay

Compare and Contrast the History of Coffee in Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica in the Nineteenth and Twentieth century - Essay Example It has been proven that during monopoly, Coffee is one of the most favored, finest, and the richest product of the people until now. The reason why they always wanted this overwhelming product that made coffee to be the world's largest in trading. The major coffee importing countries are United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, and other European countries. These include the South and Latin America, as the major importing countries; such as Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica. Let us tackle the history of the three countries: the Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica, and on how their coffee products came to be different in the 19th century and 20th century It's Francisco de Mello Palheta who introduced coffee in Brazil. He got some coffee beans in France to be planted in 1727. Paran, Espirito Santos, So Paulo, Minas Geraes, and Bahi are the states in Brazil where coffee cultivars were grown. In the past, Brazilian coffee refers only to a low quality mixer. It is the time when the Organizations and Institution of the coffee industry such as International Coffee Organization (ICO) and the Brazilian Institute de Caf (IBC) set quotas for importing and exporting coffee products. They just only consider the price, quantity and the volume of the product because of the quota system. Brazilian coffee plays only as a mixer in the higher quality coffee to reach the demands of quota considering its quantity and not its quality. Because of these, other coffee sectors deteriorate while other rises. But , the new government in Brazil have observed the problem of these quota system, so they decided to broke this system to a new right to have a reformation on how coffee was processed and most importantly, to develop its economy and industry through a coffee product trade. The San Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Geraes, and Espiritu Santo are some of the districts in Brazil who are the coffee growers. Of these four states, San Paulo produces the largest quantity and certainly the finest quality.But according to the Diagnostico da Cafeicultura em Minas Gerais, the vast majority of farms in Brazil are less than ten hectares in size and only 4% of farms were larger than 50 hectares. It means even though Brazil has a small portion of farm to harvest coffee beans, still, Brazil is the world's largest coffee producer and that produces a large supply of coffee in the world. And they say that eighty percent of this is Arabica. Their coffee undergoes to the following processes: Wet processing (washed) Dry processing (natural) Semi-washed process (pulped natural) Of the three processes mentioned above, the vast majority still processed the dry method because we all know that Brazil is one of the countries in the world that has the appropriate weather to do this process. Many people observe that Brazil is one of the most advanced and well-cared-for processing systems in industry. They carefully pick and nurture even an individual bean, that a single bean can create a larger number of coffee beans. Government was interested in this coffee trade because the financial stability of the country depends

Alcohol and crime in US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Alcohol and crime in US - Essay Example elaxation in a person who has consumed alcohol, giving them a sense of confidence and boldness, which they cannot display in their otherwise sober state (Uggen, 130). Thus without the subsequent negative consequences of alcoholism, it remains the best anesthesia for the human soul (Hutchison, 61). This notwithstanding, alcohol and crime has a very thin margin in between. Though the argument is that consuming alcohol by itself is not a vice, the impact of alcohol on personal behavior is the cause for concern. While there has been major concerns of alcohol consumption, based on the problems it causes health wise, little has been done to scrutinize the relationship between alcohol and crime. It came to my realization that alcohol is ruining our society extensively. Some question arises that this paper shall attempt to answer: What exactly is the relationship between alcohol and crime? How significantly is alcohol related to crime in U.S.? Why the legal minimum age of drinking is 21 in U .S.? What are the effects of a decrease or increase in the legal minimum age of drinking? How many offenders consume alcohol prior to committing offences in U.S? Does the availability and distribution of alcohol in U.S affect criminal rate? In the light of this, then I stage my argument that the government should strongly control alcohol use in the US. The purpose of this research is to find out how the consumption of alcohol affects people engagement in acts of crime. Before discussing my topic, I will provide a background for the reader to understand my claim. To do this I will use an article entitled "Alcohol, Drugs and Violence" written by Robert N Parker and Kathleen Auerhahn. They present a background and consequences of alcohol abuse. They found enough evidences to suggest that alcohol consumption is significantly connected to all sorts of violence. This source is important in informing the reader why alcohol is dangerous. I will focus on illustrating the risk of alcohol in my

Light Changes Darkness, Love Changes Hate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Light Changes Darkness, Love Changes Hate - Essay Example Love on the other hand is a feeling, which is directly the opposite of hate. Love is a feeling of joy and happiness normally extended to the people one cares for, or for those who are appreciated. People should spread out love and not hate, and stand up to darkness with light for several reasons, which include personal growth and development. What is the relationship between darkness and light? The quote â€Å"Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that†. It means that darkness can’t change darkness, whereas light can eliminate darkness. Darkness is the challenges a person faces in his/her life. These problems can be murder, sins, rape, injustice, and insults. In addition, darkness is the lack of strength and passion to go through the day. However, light is the opposite of darkness. Light is the spirit, which is given by God in every single person to illuminate his soul to goodness and chastity. Light can be defined as the solutions of problems. Light represents the many breakthroughs evident in life with such occurrences as getting healed from diseases, getting a promotion at work, getting a pay rise, and even living in peace with other people being examples of light. In the meantime light is considered as the fair- justice. For example, if a person murdered, then the situation cannot be fix ed by murdering suspect, but you can solve it using the law and that is the justice of life. Light is the way to live an easy and happy life. For example, if someone insults a person he/she can just smile and walk away, then that someone will be ashamed of him/herself and asks for his/her forgiveness. That is the beauty of following the quote, and the general idea is simply having hope for the future and ensuring that justice prevails. The quote â€Å"hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that† is a statement which points out to the importance of living peacefully with other people in the society, ensuring that one respects others and directly

A sociological investigation into cohabitation in Britain today Essay Example for Free

A sociological investigation into cohabitation in Britain today Essay In my coursework I shall conduct a sociological investigation into cohabitation in Britain today. This is expanded from my previous coursework, which updated past research into the stigmas attached to cohabitation. It interests me to investigate whether facts and opinions of cohabitation have changed over time. To achieve this aim I shall look at the following questions throughout my research: 1. Why has cohabitation increased? 2. Does cohabitation have an effect on children? 3. What advantages and disadvantages are there to cohabitation? 4. Is there still a stigma attached to cohabitation? 5. Do cohabiting couples ever wish to marry or is it a permanent status? I believe that cohabitation is increasingly replacing marriage. I intend to research cohabitation using a questionnaire, which will be given to both cohabiting and married couples to complete. 133 Words Context Cohabitation has doubled since 1981 to around 25% and is greatly increasing. It is defined as when two people live together in a relationship without being married. This can be either a short-term arrangement or a permanent status in which the couple do not see the need to be legally married. Sociologists have researched into many areas of cohabitation and the family. However, more recently the main focus has been on the increase in cohabitation. It is argued that marriage is becoming less popular and so people are developing alternatives to conventional married life. Also, there are increasing numbers of marital breakdown, which are reflected in rises in the divorce rates. The General Household Survey from Social Trends (2000) found that in Great Britain between 1998 and 1999, 26% of males and 25% of females, between the ages of 16 and 59, were in a cohabiting relationship. This is relevant as it show evidence of the large numbers of cohabiting couples in society today. Chester (1980) has argued that cohabitation is only a temporary situation that often leads to marriage. Chester said that in many cases it is not possible for a couple to marry, due to one or both partners being married. Also, many couples see cohabitation as a trial period, which often determines whether they choose to marry. Chester concluded that around 2% of single women aged 18-49 are living and bearing children in constitutional unions which may be permanent. However, Chandler argues against this theory, seeing the increase in cohabitation as more significant. Chandler says that couples appear to be spending lengthening amounts of time cohabiting and seem to be choosing cohabitation as a permanent replacement for marriage. Chandler (1993) supports this by noting that 28% of children were born to unmarried mothers, 70% of which were registered by both parents. These arguments show the conflicting opinions, between sociologists, regarding the status that cohabitation appears to now have. Approximately 15% of one-parent families are created through the break-up of cohabiting unions, showing that cohabitations with children are even more likely to break-up than childless ones. Today, more than 20% of children are born to cohabiting couples, although around only a third of these children will remain with both parents throughout their childhood. This means that children born to cohabiting parents are more likely to experience a series of disruptions in their family life, which can have negative consequences for their emotional and educational development. Berthoud and Gershuny found, in seven years in the lives of British families, that 70% of children born to married parents are likely to live their entire childhood with both parents whereas only 36% of children born to cohabiting parents remain with both parents. It has also been shown that children living in cohabiting stepfamilies are at a significantly higher risk of child abuse, showing that these informal cohabiting families are the most unsafe environments for children. This is interesting as it shows an insight into the effects that cohabitation can have on children. There have been many theories as to why cohabitation has increased, alongside the simple and more obvious explanations. Marriage is seen as a more risky choice in a relationship due to the divorce rates and expense of marriage, along with the decline in religious influence and growing economic and employment insecurity worries. Single parenthood has been a partial explanation as to why cohabitation has increased as many women choose to cohabit in a relationship, rather than having the irresponsibility of raising a child outside of a stable relationship. Cohabitation has greatly occurred from the great rise in divorce rates, which may also have the effect if children, from divorced parents, being wary of marriage. However, the decline in childbirth and the conscious decision to not have children may have made it less necessary for couples to marry. Past research conducted into sociology appears to indicate that the once prominent stigma attached to cohabitation has greatly declined in society. Th decline in the negative view to cohabitation, in society, has been shown in the Social Trends Survey (1996). The results from people who feel cohabitation is wrong: by gender, 1994 show that between 1960 and 1978, 7% of males and 6% of females felt that cohabitation is wrong. This has greatly decreased from 40% of males and 37% of females in 1930. These statistics could also imply that these numbers are still decreasing in society today. Ronald Fletchers (1988) theory shows an inclination as to why this social stigma has decreased. He suggests that cohabitation is a form of marriage, which is similar to that of a nuclear family, rather than a different relationship form altogether. He argued that cohabiting couples are concealed nuclear families that are not legalised through marriage. This theory not only suggests reasons for cohabitation but also indicates that it could continue to increase in society. 810 Words Methodology feelings towards discussing such information. Using a questionnaire will allow me to get results in a short period of time, which will be easy for both me and my participants as it will take into account any individual variables, such as the participant being in a rush etc. Questionnaires will be the best method of data collection for my study as I can then easily quantify and analyse the results in relation to my rationale. I shall conduct my study by In sociology, structionalists and interactionists have each used different methods of attempting to research areas of sociology. Structuralists are positivists and so use scientific, quantitative methods if collecting data. Common methods used by structuralists are laboratory experiments, which isolate the variables to find a relationship between them and field experiments, which, attempt to control variables in a natural situation. Also used by structuralists are questionnaires, structural interviews and the analysis of official statistics. Interactionists, however, are anti-positivists and reject scientific research methods, using qualitative methods of collecting data. Common methods used by interactionists are informal/unstructured interviews, where the subject directs the interview, and participant observation, where the participants are observed during their daily activities. For my research I shall be using the quantitative research methods of questionnaires. I considered using formal interviews to collect my data as I would have been able to get more in-depth and personal results, but decided that this would be more difficult to conduct and a suitable sized sample may be harder to find for reasons such as time difficulties and personal handling out questionnaires to randomly aged cohabiting, married and non-cohabiting couples. I shall use 25 questionnaires to complete my study as I feel that this is a relatively suitable sized sample to gain reliable results with. I have chosen this sample in the hope that I will gain a wide variety of couples and ages, without attempting to manipulate who participates. The gender of my participants shall also be randomly selected, rather than pre-determined. I shall also distribute my questionnaires in a variety of places sixth form college, workplace, public areas) to aid my aim of getting a varied sample and ensure that my results are representative. I shall ensure that I am ethical in my approach of this by gaining their consent before handing them the questionnaire. The questionnaires shall also have details of the nature of the study written above the questions and they shall be verbally informed that it is not required of them to answer any questions that they do not wish to. The questionnaires shall also be confidential and so will not require a name or contact details from the participant, which may increase the validity of my results as they may be less likely to lie or refuse to disclose information. When constructing my questionnaire I ensured that I considered all of my aims, stated in my rationale. I included questions which required both written answers and a choice of pre-selected answers, depending on the nature of the question. For two of my questions, the answer choices were given in ranges, rather than individual answers (e. g. are you, 26-35 etc). I did this with ages to male the question less personal as the participant may be uncomfortable disclosing their exact age. It has also been done when asking how many cohabiting couples they know of, as it is unlikely that they would consider the exact amount accurately. I constructed the questionnaire in a form that is suitable for both married and cohabiting/non cohabiting couples to complete, and based all of my questions on a more personal form of my aims, which will hopefully result in valid results. Before conducting my final study, I completed a pilot study of four questionnaires to find any area of improvement which could better my final study. I conducted and distributed these questionnaires in exactly the same way as planned for the final study. I feel that my pilot study was successful and without any major problems. I shall, however, change some minor aspects of the questionnaire. I found that the question regarding benefits of cohabiting couples may have been misinterpreted as financial benefits only, and so I shall change the structure of that question. I also found that people were writing more, for their answers, than the allocated space and so I shall add more lines per question on my final questionnaires. The remainder of my questionnaire shall stay the same. 741 Words Evidence To present the results of my questionnaire I shall display and discuss each question individually, in the order which they appear in on the questionnaire itself. 1. Are you: Male Female I decided to first gain some knowledge of the participant so that any relations could be made between the results and their personal details, if necessary. For my research, however, I am looking at the overall current opinions of the public and so am not looking for any direct relationships related to gender. Due to my random sample it was not expected that an equal number of males and females would be used, and this is shown in the above table.

Investigative Psychology Essay -- Criminal Profiling, Correctional Psy

Investigative Psychology As stated by Bartol and Bartol (2008), investigative psychology is the application of psychological research and principles to the investigation of criminal behavior (Bartol & Bartol, 2008). Investigative psychology is closely associated with criminal profiling, but there are other areas in which a forensic psychologist can participate in this particular subspecialty. An investigative psychologist maybe asked to perform a psychological autopsy, forensic hypnosis, or produce a geographical mapping. Psychological autopsies are generally performed in suspected suicide cases where the insurance company or family member questions the cause of death. Forensic hypnosis is an interview or interrogation method used by trained and credentialed professionals. Lastly, geographic mapping is a method of research â€Å"concerned with analyzing spatial patterns of crimes committed by numerous offenders over a period of time (Bartol & Bartol, 2008).† Geographic profiling is the analysis of a single serial offender’s geographic movement. Due to the complexities of investigative psychology these methods have been scrutinized. In order for these methods to be admissible in a court of law, they must pass the Daubert standard for empirically based evidence. The use of such standards has sparked an array of studies. For example criminal profiling has been under a magnifying glass for several years. Snook et al. (2007) found that there is inadequate empirical evidence that suggest whether criminal profiling is an effective method (Snook, Eastwood, Gendreau, Goggin, & Cullen, 2007). However, Kocsis, Middledorp, and Karpin (2008) reported that expert profilers are more accurate at prediction of unknown offender characte... ...m with an understandable statement of their rights, privileges, and the limitations of confidentiality (Committee on Ethical Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists, 1991).† Multiple relationships in a correctional institution can cause ethical dilemmas. An example of this would be if an inmate refuses to comply with a random drug screening and then attempts to commit suicide. After the suicide attempt the correctional psychologist examines the inmate and discovers a history of suicide attempts. He recommends that the inmate participate in group therapy and be granted a pass on future drug screening. Other members of the prison staff believe the inmate attempted suicide to escape the urinalysis. In this case the psychologist is faced with the dilemma of what is in the best interest of the patient and what is the best interest of the correctional institution.

The Articles of Confederation :: essays papers

The Articles of Confederation Adopted in congress in 1777 and ratified and in force in (1784?) Adopted for: a) unify in defense and war b) Foreign policy basic principle of articles for states to maintain control under central government assigned specific powers Organization of government: 1) one legislative house - unicameral legislature - passes laws 2) 2-7 delegates per state 3) 9 votes required to pass law 4) 13/ unanimous votes needed to amend Articles Powers: defense - army, navy, and treaties with Indians Foreign affairs - war Money - borrowing, spending, printing, determining value, coining Internal affairs - Judge disputes in special court hearings between states Enforcement laws determined by state therefore enforcement was selective to state desires and rarely done State restrictions - states could not: make war, treaties, international tariffs and coin money Duties of state - states must provide money/army? When requested by congress States must pay taxes based on land Weaknesses of Articles - I. trade regulation - congress had no power to regulate trade - done by states - caused: a) tariffs on imports and exports established by states b) states competed over control of waterways c) Foreign trade was diminishing; interstate trade was also stopping because of tariffs on each other making trade difficult II. Enforcement a) Central government included no enforcement/ executive branch b) Rules mostly ignored 1) taxes decided by congress based on land ( to be paid by states - didn't pay - congress had no income and had to borrow- land basis bad for south - few people and lot of land 2) no income for army - regulated number soldiers per state not given - kept for own defense result - SHAY'S REBELLION - Begun by Daniel Shay - farmer in Massachusetts wanted to begin own government and revolted - Mass. didn't have enough army to quell rebellion - soldiers also farmers and on other side - asked congress for help but appeal to no avail - states didn't list4en to congress cuz didn't care - continued for 6 months 3) Treaty of Paris not enforced - states refused to compensate loyalist for property lost and collect debts owed to British merchants - money all used for war effort Therefore England also violate and move troops to Northwest Territory (fur trade) Spain and England restrict trade on Mississippi and right of deposit in New Orleans III. Money - each state illegally made their own currency- congress could not prevent it - 14 forms of currency causing it to be worthless and inflation - made congress and states suffer - foreign countries unwilling to trade and

The Secrets to Raising Smart Kids

The article titled â€Å"The Secrets to Raising Smart Kids†, by Carol S. Dweck has many key concepts and interesting points. Most of the people presume that outstanding and superior intelligence or ability is a key to success. More than three decades of research indicates that exaggeration on talent or intellect, and the idea that such traits are inborn, leaves people susceptible to failure, and uninterested to learn. (Scientific America: Psychology Reader, 2008, pg 69) According to a survey conducted by the author Carl S.  Dweck in the mid-1990s, â€Å"85 percent of parents believed that praising children’s ability or intelligence when they perform well is important for making them feel smart. However, the author’s work shows that praising a child’s intelligence makes a child fragile and defensive. † (Scientific America: Psychology Reader, 2008, pg 72) In a study published in 2007, the author and the two psychologists Lisa Blackwell and Kali H. Trzesniewski monitored 337 students for two years during the transition from junior to senior to determine how their mind- sets might affect their math grades. As what the researchers predicted, â€Å"the students with a growth mind -set felt that learning was a more important goal in school than getting good grades. The students who held a fixed mind -set were concerned about looking smart with little regard for learning. † (Scientific America: Psychology Reader, 2008, pg 72) The author suggests that if we encourage a growth mind-set in our schools and homes, we will give our children the support to succeed in their goals and to become a responsible workers and citizens. Teaching people to have growth mind-set, which encourages a focus n effort rather than on intelligence, produces high achievers in school and in life. Myers Discussion Chapter 10 of the textbook posted some questions about intelligence: Does each of us have an inborn general mental intelligence, and can we quantify this intelligence as a meaningful number? To what extent does it result from heredity rather than environment? According to David Myers, intelligence is a mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. Since the mid-1980’s, some psychologists have sought to extend the definition of intelligence beyond Spearman’s and Thurstone’s academic smarts. â€Å"Howard Garner views intelligence as multiple abilities that come in packages†. (Myers, 2010, pg 407) Robert Sternberg agrees that there is more to success than traditional intelligence, and he agrees with Gardner’s idea of multiple intelligences. â€Å"However, he proposes a triarchic theory of three, not eight. They are analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence†. (Myers, 2010, pg 411) The author David Myers discussed that intelligence test scores maybe misinterpreted as literal measures of a person’s worth and potential. He argued that we must remember the competence that general intelligence tests sample is important, but it only reflects one aspect of personal competence. Our practical and emotional intelligence are important too, as do the other forms of creativity, talent and character. Genetic and environmental influences shaped our intelligence, and thus there are many ways of being successful, our differences are variations of human adaptability. (Myers, 2010, pg 439) Relevance in My Life This article has a great relevance in my life. I took an advance math class last year on site, and I thought I will have a hard time with the subject. However, I realized my mind-set affected my math grade. I belong to a student with a growth mind-set. I believed that learning is more important in school than getting good grades. I was praised by my professor for my effort in asking questions after class, and I did not lose confidence when faced with the harder questions. I was not surprised that I got an A better than my classmates who have fixed mind-set. After all, I believe that I can expand my intellectual skills. According to David Myers, â€Å"challenges are energizing rather than intimidating. They offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were destined for greater academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts†. I am glad that I took this psychology class because I am learning a lot from this subject. I am planning to transmit a growth mind-set to my four-year old daughter by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. I could also help my child provide explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine. In this way, she will learn that intelligence can cover a wide area of things, and thus it can be earned, just like respect.

The History of Corinthian Columns

The History of Corinthian Columns The word Corinthian describes an ornate column style developed in ancient Greece and classified as one of the Classical Orders of Architecture. The Corinthian style is more complex and elaborate than the earlier Doric and Ionic Orders. The capital or top part of a Corinthian style column has lavish ornamentation carved to resemble leaves and flowers. Roman architect Vitruvius observed that the delicate Corinthian design was produced out of the two other orders. He described the Corinthian column as an imitation of the slenderness of a maiden; for the outlines and limbs of maidens, being more slender on account of their tender years, admit of prettier effects in the way of adornment. Because of their opulence, Corinthian columns are rarely used as common porch columns for the ordinary home. The style is more suited for Greek Revival mansions and public architecture such as government buildings, especially courthouses. Characteristics of Corinthian columns include: Fluted (grooved) shaftsCapitals (the tops of each shaft) decorated with  acanthus leaves and flowers and sometimes small scrollsCapital ornaments that flare outward like bells, suggesting a sense of heightProportion; Vitruvius tells us that the height of their capitals gives them proportionately a taller and more slender effect than Ionic columns Why Are They Called Corinthian Columns? In the worlds first architecture textbook, De architectura (30 B.C.), Vitruvius tells the story of a young girl from the city-state of Corinth. A free-born maiden of Corinth, just of marriageable age, was attacked by an illness and passed away, writes Vitruvius. She was buried with a basket of her favorite things atop her tomb, near the root of an acanthus tree. That spring, leaves and stalks grew up through the basket, creating a delicate explosion of natural beauty. The effect caught the eye of a passing sculptor named Callimachus, who began to incorporate the intricate design onto column capitals. Because the sculptor found this design in Corinth, the columns that bear it became known as Corinthian columns. West of Corinth in Greece is the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae, thought to be the oldest surviving example of the Classical Corinthian column. This temple from about 425 B.C. is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Tholos (a round building) at Epidauros (c. 350 B.C.) is thought to be one of the first structures to use a colonnade of Corinthian columns. Archaeologists have determined the tholos to have 26 exterior Doric columns and 14 interior Corinthian columns. The Temple of Olympian Zeus (175 B.C.) in Athens is said to have had more than 100 Corinthian columns. Are All Corinthian Capitals the Same? No, not all Corinthian capitals are exactly alike, but they are characterized by their leafy flowers. The capitals of Corinthian columns are more ornamented and delicate than the tops of other column types. They can easily deteriorate over time, especially when they are used outdoors. Early Corinthian columns were used primarily for interiors spaces, and thus were protected from the elements. The Monument of Lysikrates (c. 335 B.C.) in Athens features some of the earliest examples of exterior Corinthian columns. Replacing deteriorated Corinthian capitals must be done by master craftsmen. During the 1945 bombing of Berlin, the royal palace was heavily damaged, and it was later demolished in the 1950s. With the reunification of East and West Berlin, the palace was reinvented. Sculptors used old photographs to recreate the architectural details in the new facade, in clay and in plaster, noting that not all of the Corinthian capitals were the same. Architectural Styles That Use Corinthian Columns The Corinthian column and the Corinthian Order were created in ancient Greece. Ancient Greek and Roman architecture is collectively known as Classical, and so Corinthian columns are found in Classical architecture. The Arch of Constantine (A.D. 315) in Rome and the Ancient Library of Celsus in Ephesus feature examples of Corinthian columns in Classical architecture. Classical architecture was reborn during the Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries. Later derivatives of Classical architecture include the Neoclassical, Greek Revival, and Neoclassical Revival architectures of the 19th century, and the Beaux Arts architecture of the American Gilded Age. Thomas Jefferson was influential in bringing the Neoclassical style to America, as seen in the Rotunda at The University of Virginia in Charlottesville. Corinthian-like designs can also be found in some Islamic architecture. The distinctive capital of the Corinthian column comes in many forms, but the acanthus leaf appears in most designs. Professor Talbot Hamlin suggests that Islamic architecture was influenced by the acanthus leaf design: Many mosques, like those at Kairouan and Cordova, used actual ancient Corinthian capitals; and later Moslem capitals were often based on the Corinthian scheme in general pattern, although the tendency toward abstraction gradually removed all remaining signs of realism from the carving of the leaves. Famous Buildings With Corinthian Columns In the United States, famous buildings with Corinthian columns include the U.S. Supreme Court Building, the U.S. Capitol, and the National Archives Building, all of which are in Washington, D.C. In New York City, buildings with these columns include the New York Stock Exchange Building on Broad Street in Lower Manhattan and the James A. Farley Building, which is across the street from Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. In Rome, check out the Pantheon and the Colosseum, where Doric columns are on the first level, Ionic columns on the second, and Corinthian columns on the third. Great Renaissance cathedrals throughout Europe are apt to show off their Corinthian columns, including St. Pauls Cathedral and St Martin-in-the-Fields in London.